Self-Reported Grades Walk Through - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Self-Reported Grades Walk Through - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Self-Reported Grades Walk Through This is the second year that we have asked freshman applicants to complete the self-reported grades section on our application, and for the most part, things are going well. Most everyone who has applied has understood the process, and almost everyone has been correct in their grades. We expect that this small change in the application will mean we are able to release decisions a little earlier this year (but I have no dates at this time!), and it is making part of our review process go much smoother and quicker. But for those of you who have questions about this section of the application, here are a few hints. Before you start this section, have a copy of your transcript with you. I do not mean mid-term 9 week reports, or report cards, but a copy of your transcript just like you have sent to a college. Review the transcript, and line out with a pencil any non-core grades, such as Health, Journalism, PE, Business courses (the only exceptions being AP/IB non-core courses such as AP Computer Science, AP Art, etc.) You can get a clearer sense of these courses on the self-reported grade section of the application and line out more based on the listing. This is only for your high school grades, so line out any middle school grades (or for you Florida folks, line out the K-8 grades that appear on your transcript). For the self-reported grades, we are looking at the grades your teacher has given you and entering them into the chart based on your schools grading scale, so you enter in however many As, Bs, etc. that you were given by your teachers. Whatever you see as the teacher grades for the core classes, you enter into the chart. Do not enter in grades that you think you may make senior year, as we are looking at actual grades! Also, do not leave out bad grades just because you have retaken the class. If your school uses only one type of schedule/grade system, such as semester grades for all courses or year grades for all courses, then the self-reported grades will be extremely easy. For a semester transcript, look at every core semester grade (the ones you have not lined out) and enter these into the self-reported grade chart. Most applicants with semester grades will have about 28-32 total grades in the chart. If your transcript has semester grades and then has a year-long average after that, just leave the year-long grades out of the self-reported grades, as these are an average of the two semester grades that you already have entered. For schools with only year long grades, I estimate you will have about 14-18 grades entered into the chart. If your school uses a mixture of year-long grades and semester grades for your actual grades, it gets slightly more challenging, but it is not bad at all. First, read my post called Nickels and Dimes, which will help you understand the situation. Are you done? Good. If you have teacher grades (not a yearly average, but teacher grades!) that are both semester grades and year grades, just double the yearly grades. A year grade is the same a two semester grades, so just covert the year grades to semesters. Trust me, it works just fine. For the question that asks Of the above grades, how many are AP/IB/AICE, look at the chart you completed, count up how many grades were in AP or IB (International Baccalaureate) classes (not pre-AP or pre-IB), and enter that number into this field. For the question about how many AP/IB/AICE/DE courses you will have completed by the end of your senior year, count up the total number of AP/IB/AICE/DE courses you have taken from 9th through the end of 12th grade, and enter that number here. When we received your transcript, we will do a quick but thorough check of your self-reported grades, so do not panic if you made a slight error in your self reporting. As well, do not overthink this section, just put in what you believe is the correct information. You will be fine. I hope this helps, and Go Dawgs!

Themes for May Classroom Activities

Here is a list of May themes, events, and holidays with correlating activities to go with them. Use these ideas for inspiration to create your own lesson plans and activities, or use the ideas provided. These are great before things slow down and focus on the summer break in June. Get Caught Reading Month   The Association of American Publishers nationally launched Get Caught Reading Month to remind people how much fun it is to read. Celebrate this month by having students see how many books they can read in the month of May. The winner of the contest can receive a free book! National Physical Fitness and Sports Month Celebrate by getting active, learning about nutrition, and creating sports crafts. American Bike Month Celebrate American Bike month by having students ride their bikes to school on May 8th and learning the rules of the road and how to be safe. Childrens Book Week   Childrens Book Week often occurs at the beginning of May, but youll need to check the dates each year. Since 1919, National Childrens Book Week has been dedicated to  encouraging  young readers to enjoy books. Celebrate this day by providing  activities  that will encourage your students to love reading. Teacher Appreciation Week Teacher Appreciate Week occurs in May, but the dates can vary. During this week, schools across the nation celebrate the hard work and dedication of teachers. Try a few of  these teacher appreciation activities  with your students. National Postcard Week   During the first full week of May, celebrate National Postcard Week by creating postcards and sending them to other students across the country. National Pet Week During the first full week of May, celebrate Pet Week by having students bring in a photograph of their pet to share with the class. National Police Week   National police week occurs the calendar week during which May 15th falls. Invite a local policeman to your school, or plan a field trip to your local police station to honor this week-long celebration. National Transportation Week National Transportation Week usually occurs during the third week of May. Celebrate the community of transportation professionals by having students explore possible jobs in the transportation field. Have students research and fill out an application for a job opening in the field of their choice. Mothers Day Mothers  day  is observed on the second Sunday of May every year. Celebrate with  Mothers Day activities, or try these last-minute lesson plans. You can also use this word list to help you create a Mothers Day poem. Memorial Day Memorial Day is celebrated on the last Monday of May each year. This is a time to celebrate and honor the soldiers that sacrificed their lives for our freedom. Honor this day by providing students with a few  fun activities, and teach students the value of honoring the memory of those who came before us with a  Memorial Day lesson plan. May 1: May Day   Celebrate May Day with crafts and activities. May 1:  Mother Goose Day Explore the truth about Mother Goose by reading the Real Mother Goose. May 1: Hawaiian Lei Day In 1927 Don Blanding came up with having a Hawaiian holiday that everyone can celebrate. Honor his wishes by partaking in Hawaiian traditions and learning about the culture. May 2: Holocaust Remembrance Day   Learn about the history of the Holocaust, and read age-appropriate stories such as The Diary of Anne Frank and One Candle by Eve Bunting. May 3: Space Day   The ultimate goal of Space Day is to promote math, science, and technology, and inspire children about the wonders of the universe. Celebrate this day by having your students partake in a few fun space-related activities to help nurture their curiosity of the universe. May 4: Star Wars Day   This is a day to celebrate the Star Wars culture and honor the films. A fun way to celebrate this day is by having students bring in their action figures. You can use these figures as inspiration to create a writing piece. May 5: Cinco De Mayo   Celebrate this Mexican holiday by having a party, making a pinata, and making a sombrero. May 6: No Homework Day   Your students work hard each day, celebrate this day by giving your students a No Homework Pass for the day. May 7: National Teachers Day   Finally, a day to honor and celebrate all of the hard work teachers do! Show your appreciation for our fellow teachers by having students write a letter of appreciation to each of their teachers (art, music, physical education, etc). May 8: National School Nurses Day   Honor your school nurse by having students create a special gift of appreciation. May 8: No Socks Day To celebrate this wacky and fun day have students create crafts out of socks, learn the history, and wear fun colored socks to school for the day. May 9: Peter Pan Day On May 9, 1960, James Barrie (the creator of Peter Pan) was born. Celebrate this day by learning about the creator James Barrie, watching the movie, reading the story, and learning the quotes. After reading his quotes have students try and come up with their own. May 14: The Start of the Lewis and Clark Expedition   This is a great day to teach your students about Thomas Jefferson and his role in the Lewis and Clark expedition. Learn the history of the expedition, and read students the book Who Was Thomas Jefferson by Dennis Brindell Fradin and Nancy Harrison, and visit the Monticello website for photos and additional resources. May 15: National Chocolate Chip Day Whats a better way to celebrate National Chocolate Chip Day than to bake some cookies with your students! For some added fun, try this chocolate bar math lesson. May 16: Wear Purple for Peace Day   Help make the world a better place by having all students wear purple for peace day. May 18: Armed Forces Day   Pay tribute to the men and women who serve the United States armed forces by having students write a thank you letter to someone in your local armed forces. May 20: Weights and Measures Day On May 20, 1875, an International treaty was signed to establish an international branch of weights and measures. Celebrate this day with your students by measuring objects, learning about volume, and exploring  non-standard measures. May 23: Lucky Penny Day   Lucky Penny Day is celebrated to reinforce the theory that if you find a penny and pick it up, you will have good luck. Celebrate this fun day with your students by creating a penny craft, counting and sorting pennies, or using pennies to graph Another fun idea is to give students the writing prompt, Once I found a lucky penny and when I picked it up... May 24: Morse Code Day   On May 24, 1844, the first Morse code message was sent. Celebrate this day by teaching your students Morse Code. The students will love the secretiveness of it all. May 29: Paper Clip Day   In 1899 Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor invented the paper clip. Honor this amazing little wire by having students come up with a new way to use it. May 29: John F. Kennedys Birthday   John F. Kennedy was one of the most beloved United States Presidents of our time. Honor this remarkable man and all of his accomplishments by having students create a KWL Chart, then read your students his biography, called Who Was John F. Kennedy? by Yona Zeldis McDonough. May 31:  World No Tobacco Day   World No Tobacco Day is a day to reinforce and highlight the health risks associated with tobacco use. Take time out on this day to stress the importance of why students should not smoke.

Identifying Family Information And Family Composition

Identifying Family Information and Family Composition I interviewed my friend, Elena. We started out just talking and slowly got into the interview. I tried to make it feel like a conversation, however, some of the terms I had to ask to get a specific answer and example. Elena is unmarried; she is a student at Auburn University. When at home, she lives with her mother, father, older brother, and herself. She is 20 years old, never married, and is a sophomore in college. Her parents, Johnny and Susan, have been married for 28 years, and her older brother Will is 26. He is not married, and he is also a student at Auburn. They live in the same apartment here in Auburn. Both of her maternal grandparents have passed away, and her paternal grandmother is the only grandparent left. All of her cousins, aunts, and uncles are still alive. She was much more willing to talk about her parental side of her family, but I think it was due to the fact she knows more about them. Family History Johnny and Susan, Elena’s parents, have been married for 28 years. Johnny joined the military after growing up in Arkansas. Susan completed high school, but she did not attend college. Elena’s maternal grandmother only completed high school as well. I wanted to see if there was a trend there, but she didn’t know as much about her maternal side of the family to get more details—like did her cousins attend college. Once her parents got married they moved frequently. They were posted over seas a fewShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Work1095 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Write an essay identifying the major issues facing working parents. Do not include our own opinion; just synthesize the information in the readings. The Many Issues Working Parents Face Working parents may consider work to be either a blessing or a curse. Most people agree that without work there is no way to support oneself or a family. Both parents are forced to work because they want their children to experience â€Å"the good life.† However, on their road to success, working parents haveRead MoreArtists Most Closely Associated with Snyder County, PA1737 Words   |  7 Pagesprobably never lived or worked within the geographical confines of what is today Snyder County, but were close enough to produce work for local families and influenced and were influenced by the works of others within this region. Also, some important artists from the area have never been identified and are known only because of their specific style or families for whom they created documents. The â€Å"Union County Scrivener† who seems to have worked entirely in what is today Snyder County, The SpigelmeyerRead MoreSummary Kotler Keller1275 Words   |  6 Pages keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. 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Two important terms that I think someone wouldRead MoreDifferences Between Estabrook And Mcdougle848 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity been changed, Estabrook and McDougle changed individual family names, thereby obscuring any information that might have been helpful in identifying Amherst residents. A discouraged Plecker wrote to McDougle complaining that he â€Å"couldn’t find practical value in the book.† That Plecker lacked a key to the Amherst study did not stop him from leveraging that information when making claims regarding an applicant’s racial composition. Responding to a July 1924 letter from a Rockbridge resident wishingRead MoreAnalysis Of Lila Restaurant At Caulfield Victoria1737 Words   |  7 Pagestrends and the relevance to the company’s activities. ï‚ § industrial trends: nowadays more and more customers prefer the food to be made with all natural ingredients, no artificial colors, no chemical additions and they want to know the detailed composition of the production process. These factors are relevant to the restaurant business operation process as they impact on the production and marketing strategies used in the future. ï‚ § social and cultural factors: Australian and Melbourne is an immigrantRead MoreEffectiveness Of Team Based Care And Its Impact On The System And Health Outcomes Of People1263 Words   |  6 Pagessystem and health outcomes of people. In sites where the model was fully implemented, most of the outcomes measured for patient and family, provider, and system level improved (Tomblin Murphy, MacKenzie, Alder and Cruickshank, 2013). Therefore, when considering the barriers at the practice level, poor structure and governance coupled with ambiguous team compositions and size may result in further breakdowns in communication and collaboration (Conference Board of Canada, 2012; Campbell, 2014). Some

Confessions †Aurelius Augustine Free Essays

26 November 2007 The Measure of a Woman In one of his most famous works, Confessions, Aurelius Augustine maps out important details and happenings throughout his life in reference to his loved ones and his God. An undeniable aspect of his life is the influence of his mother, Monica, and her perspective on life, love, and death. If compared to another famous female figure in the Christian life, such as Rebekah, the mother of Jacob, Monica’s virtues of patience and eternal perspective shine through, revealing her Biblical view of marriage and her husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Confessions – Aurelius Augustine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Augustine commends his mother’s virtues and lifestyle, providing an example for women everywhere to carefully consider. Monica shows one of the most difficult qualities in life to possess-patience. She demonstrates patience toward her son, Augustine, in her continual prayer and intercession for his salvation. In his Confessions, Augustine describes his mother’s prayers mixed with tears as he sets sail for Rome (5. 1232). Despite his departure, she continues to seek God for His power in the life of her son. Her patience is rewarded years later when Augustine finally comes to know the Lord. When Augustine brings her the good news, she is â€Å"filled with triumphant exultation† (8. 1238). Ultimately Monica realizes that God has done more than she could ever imagine. In Carl G. Vaught’s The Journey Toward God in Augustine’s Confessions: Book I-VI, he presents the importance of Augustine’s relationship with his mother concerning his conversion. He proposes that because of his relationship with his mother Augustine â€Å"begins to move beyond Skellenger 2 space and time toward the positive relationship with God that Monica wants him to embrace† (68). No doubt Monica’s patience influences her son to embark on his journey towards the Lord. By the time her son is converted, Monica already has countless opportunities to develop patience in her life. Before her enduring attitude touches Augustine’s life, she is able to influence both her husband and mother-in-law. Referring to his mother’s impact on the life of his grandmother, Augustine confirms that Monica â€Å"won her completely by her unfailing patience and mildness† (Confessions 9. 1243). Such a straightforward statement proves that he not only recognizes, but also admires the virtue of patience he sees in his mother’s life. In one of his other works, Encounters With God in Augustine’s Confessions: Books VII-IX, Carl G. Vaught draws attention to the fact that â€Å"Monica’s victory in this case is an unusual feat in any culture† (122). Perhaps demonstrating patience towards her mother-in-law is one of a woman’s greatest accomplishments in life. If so, this would greatly substantiate Monica’s character. Another virtue that Augustine reveres in Monica’s life is her eternal perspective. This is seen in his account of her last few days before her death. He reports that to both of them â€Å"the world with all its delights seemed cheap† (Confessions 9. 245). Monica’s focus on the life to come causes her to disregard the importance of her physical body’s final resting place. She gives instruction that her body is to be buried â€Å"wherever it may be† at the time of her death (9. 1246). Vaught again comments on the life of Monica, suggesting that â€Å"she points beyond death and the need to place the body in a particular place† (Encounters 135). Monica’s ability to see past the temporal life on earth illustrates her faith and obedience to God’s Word, which encourages the believer in II Corinthians 4:18 to concentrate on that which is eternal. In comparison, Rebekah of the Old Testament is not as patient nor eternally minded as Monica. Rather than waiting on the Lord to work in the lives of her family members, Rebekah feels the need to make things happen for herself. When Rebekah discovers that her husband Skellenger 3 desires to bless their two sons she wastes no time to command the younger of the two boys, Jacob, to trick his father in order to receive the greater of the blessings. Though Jacob attempts to warn his mother of the potential danger she disregards it replying in Genesis 27:13, â€Å"My son, let the curse fall on me. Just do what I say. † The reader virtually hears the impatience and haste in Rebekah’s voice. In Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible, he describes Rebekah’s response as â€Å"a very rash word† (162). He also points out the fact that if Rebekah would have walked in patience and trust, rather than impulsiveness and anxiety, Jacob could have received the blessing in a proper way since God had already promised in Genesis 23:25 that he would be blessed (164). Both Rebekah and Monica receive the things they are after, yet in contrast to Monica’s patience which produces peace nd harmony in her home, Rebekah’s impatience results in additional strife and dissension amongst her family. It also displays Rebekah’s earthly and temporal mindset. She is so concerned with an earthly inheritance for her son that she fails to remember that it is God who blesses and fulfills His Word in His perfect timing and way. The virtues a wo man possesses can have a huge impact on her view of marriage. Particular virtues may also shape her understanding and belief about her responsibilities to her husband. While counseling her peers, Monica reveals her personal belief and view of marriage, calling it a â€Å"matrimonial contract†¦an instrument by which they became servants† (Confessions 9. 1243). She also sees her life and the institute of marriage as a way to reach others and bring peace. Her son calls her a â€Å"peacemaker between people quarreling and minds at discord† (Confessions 9. 1244). Monica considered herself a servant within the realm of marriage. This concept consequently affects her opinion of what her responsibilities are to her husband. Augustine Skellenger 4 lainly describes Monica’s behavior towards her husband in Book IX of Confessions, writing that â€Å"she served him as her lord† (1243). Such behavior apparently touches Augustine so greatly that he takes the time to include these particular facts in his work. Elizabeth A. Clark also observes in her book, St. Augustine On Marriage and Sexuality, that Augustine â€Å"praises her fo r the meekly subordinate position she had assumed in relation to his father† (21). Not only does Monica desire to live as a humble servant, she also sees her responsibility to be a witness for Christ to her husband. Augustine goes on to say in Confessions that Monica â€Å"use[s] all her effort to win him† to the Lord and does so by â€Å"preaching†¦to him by her character† (9. 1243). What a beautiful picture of Christ’s love shining through her actions and integrity. She understands the power of her pure and submissive conduct, as well as the negative influence words possess while spoken in uncontrolled emotion. As Vaught so beautifully articulates, Monica â€Å"is prepared to wait for God’s mercy to transform him† (Encounters 121). Her approach to her husband may appear backwards to her peers, yet Monica’s demeanor proves to have amazing influence in her husband’s life. In comparison to Monica’s submission and faithfulness to her husband, Rebekah chooses to act out of desperation and fear. Though she serves her husband and family for the majority of her life, the story of her and Jacob’s deception illustrates a time when she decided to be lord of her house, instead of submitting to the head of their home, Isaac. During that time she does not walk in integrity towards her husband as Monica did. On the contrary, she devises a plan found in Genesis 27:14-17 to deceive Isaac by dressing up Jacob in order to appear as Esau, his brother. Instead of utilizing her position of wife and mother to promote peace she attempts to orchestrate a selfish and cunning plan. This is a complete contrast to Monica’s desire to be a witness and model of God’s love. Skellenger 5 Monica is a Godly woman, referred to by her son with same qualities found in the third chapter of I Timothy, such as making herself beautiful by submitting to her husband. Her perspective and conduct would be magnificent to see in today’s women. Perhaps her ways might be considered old fashioned, weak, or even a way of suppressing women’s power. On the other hand, Rebekah’s choice to take charge is widely accepted and viewed as powerful in society today. Yet by humbling herself, Monica receives God’s power, as well as answers to her many prayers, and in her supposed weaker state she has enormous influence and power that goes far beyond the realm of Rebekah’s misleading strength. Skellenger 6 Works Cited Augustine, Aurelius, and Elizabeth A. Clark, ed. St. Augustine On Marriage and Sexuality Fathers of the Church V. 1. Washington, D. C. Catholic University of America Press, 1996. ; http://www. netlibrary. com. library. dbu. edu:2048/Reader/;. Henry, Matthew. Commentary on the Whole Bible Volume I (Genesis to Deuteronomy). Logos, Inc. 1706-1721. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. ;http://www. ccel. org/ccel/henry /mhc1. html;. The Holy Bible, New International Version. International Bible Society, 1894. ;http://www. biblegateway. om/;. Lawall, Sarah, and Maynard Mack, Eds. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 2nd ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton ; Company, 2002. Vaught, Carl G. The Journey Toward God in Augustine’s Confessions: Books I-VI. Albany State University of New York Press, 2003. ;http://www. netlibrary. com. library. dbu. edu:2048/Reader/;. Vaught, Carl G. Encounters With God in Augustine’s Confessions: Books VII-IX. Albany State University of New York Press, 2004. http://www. netlibrary. com. library. dbu. edu:2048/Reader/. How to cite Confessions – Aurelius Augustine, Essay examples

Climate Change and Migration-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss how the Climate refugees will affect Australia. Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on the problem on climate change refugees. There is no specific definition on climate change refugees. Generally, the person, who lost their home for certain natural disaster and forced to migrate from their homeland, has known as the climate change refugees (Lister, 2014). However, there is an attempt has been made to conceptualize the definition of such refugee. Based on the reason, these refugees are divided into three parts- Environmental Emergency migrants, Environmental forced migrants and Environmental motivated migrants. The problem regarding these migrants is becoming an alarming situation in the global statistics. Jodi Jacobson was pointed out the problem regarding the migration issue for the first time and in the year 1988, he had claimed that there are 10 million climate refugees present. On 1989, the Executive Director of UNEP, Mustafa Tolba stated his view that the numbers of the refugees are 50 million. The British environmentalist, Norman Mye rs had foreseen the increasing nature of the refugees and stated that the number of refugees will be reached up to 250 million by 2050. Discussion: It has been observed from the facts that the problem regarding the climate change refugees is a global problem and is of increasing in nature. Many of the environmentalists that the problem should be solved as soon as possible suggest it. In the continents of Asia, the number of the refugees is 42 million in the year 2010 and 2011. The environmental refugees are become a serious threat to the continents of the North America due to drought situation. Australia is well known for its migration problem and the migration rate of Australia is higher in nature. The refugees are affecting the economic conditions of the states a lot and there is a necessity regarding the adoption of effective strategies become important. The government of Australia has taken certain initiatives that are refugee friendly in nature. One of such strategies are providing job security to them. It was stated by Norman Myers that the most effective solution can be the sustainable development regarding the environmental arena. The most important thing is to resist the risks to minimize the amount of disaster. A planned evacuation can support the safety criteria regarding the same. The sustainable development project should be supported by modern technologies, architecture and labor opportunities. The government policies should be based on humanitarian grounds. The Australian government has planned their policies regarding the refugees problem on the base of humanitarian ground. There are certain lacunas regarding the climate change refugees in the international statistics, as the global legal system in this sector is not advanced or effective. It is important to recognize the framework regarding the same and the rights and responsibilities of the refugees should be amended. The problem arises in the Kyoto Protocol must be resolved by adopting relevant policies. The Australian government has promoted certain opportunities to deal with the problem and an instance of this can be Kiribati-Australia Nursing Initiative. By this project, more than 90 people from the part of Kiribati were migrated in Australia and trained for nurse (Ash Campbell, 2016). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that the planned strategies regarding the refugee problem will help to resolve the issue and initiative should be taken on global basis. The outcome of the climate change refugees are identified by United Nation and if a united stand can be adopted, the issue regarding the same can be resolved References: Ash, J., Campbell, J. (2016). Climate change and migration: the case of the Pacific Islands and Australia.Journal of Pacific Studies,36(1), 53-72. Ash, J., Campbell, J. (2016). Climate change and migration: the case of the Pacific Islands and Australia.Journal of Pacific Studies,36(1), 53-72. Lister, M. (2014). Climate change refugees.Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,17(5), 618-634. Lister, M. (2014). Climate change refugees.Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,17(5), 618-634.

Operations Function free essay sample

This therefore implies that Operation Management decisions are not made in isolation. Rather, each decision is intertwined with other organizational functions following the strategic direction developed at the top level of the organization. In a nutshell, many of the decisions made by operations managers are dependent on information from the other functions. At the same time, other functions cannot be carried out properly without information from operations as detailed below: 1. Finance: The finance function ties all departments together with monetary measurements that tell whether the company is making money. They also regulate the acquisition of funds to keep the business operations going, and investing money received wisely. Finance managers need to work closely with the operations function to be able to determine the need for capital investments, make-or-buy decisions, plant expansions, or relocation of business operations. On the other hand, operations managers cannot make large financial expenditures without understanding financial constraints and methods of evaluating financial investments. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Function or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is essential for these two functions to work together and understand each other’s constraints. . Sales and marketing: The sales and marketing function focuses on maintaining and attracting customers to the companys products and services. To be able to satisfy customer needs, the marketing function needs to understand what operations can produce, what due dates it can and cannot meet, and what types of customization operations can deliver. The marketing function can develop an exciting marketing campaign, but if operations cannot produce the desired product, sales will not be made. In turn, operations managers need information about customer wants and expectations. It is the responsibility of the operations function to design products with characteristics that customers find desirable, and they cannot do this without regular coordination with the marketing department. 3. Information and Communications Technology (ICT): ICT is the function that enables information to flow throughout the organization and enables the operations function to operate effectively. The ICT function must understand the needs of operations and endeavour to meet those needs as regards timely provision of required information.

Research on the Stakeholder theory, Agency theory, Corporate Social restructuring and ethics The WritePass Journal

Research on the Stakeholder theory, Agency theory, Corporate Social restructuring and ethics Introduction: Research on the Stakeholder theory, Agency theory, Corporate Social restructuring and ethics Introduction:Stake holder theory:Agency theory:Ethics:Business ethics:Ethical structure:Level of returns affected by CSR/Ethical Issues:Case study illustration of arguments:Conclusion:AppendicesReflective journal:Bibliography:Related Introduction: This report is presented to the financial director of the FTSE-100 company. The company is facing down turn due to the economic recession around the globe and due to its own corporate social responsible policies. This report shows research on the Stakeholder theory, Agency theory, Corporate Social restructuring and ethics. This report also shows the different aspects of these theories linked with health of the organization. Many authors have different concern about each theory but directly or in directly linked it with the shareholder and profit maximization. On the other hand researchers prove that recent developments in corporate social responsibility and ethics save organizations from down fall in economic recession. Stake holder theory: Stakeholder theory was put forward by Freeman in 1984 as a proposal for strategic management of organization in the late twentieth century. By the passage of time the theory has achieve importance with the key workers Clarkson in 1994, Donaldson and Preston 1995, Mitchell in 1997, Rowley in 1997 and Frooman in 1999 enabling both greater theoretical depth and development of this theory (Mainardes et al. 2011 p.226). In academic context there endless definitions of stakeholder have been put and there is no individual, definitive and generally accepted definition. In argue to that the works of Bryson (2004), Buchhloz and Rosenthal (2005), Friedman and Miles (2006) and Beach (2008) have an overall of 66 different approaches for the term â€Å"Stakeholder†. The source of stakeholder theory based on four key academic areas i.e.   Sociology, economics, politics and ethics. Freeman (1984) found that any group or individual that can affect or be affected by the understanding of organization goals and objectives. Hence the objective of this report is to maximize the shareholder’s wealth and how the corporate social responsibility and ethics helps to increase the long term value of the organization. In addition to that the Financial Director has different views about these theories, CSR and Ethics. In argued to that maximizing the returns to shareholders the managers must try to provide the satisfactory return to each group which comes under the stakeholder group. According to the Mygind (2009, p. 159) diversified stakeholder have different approaches and association to other stakeholders and they have an evaluation of their own benefits which is only related to them moreover they also give different importance to the satisfaction of the stakeholder’s interest. In 1980’s and 1990’s maximizing shareholder wealth and corporate wealth maximization totally based on the board of directors how they form the corporate strategies to increase the shareholder returns (Blair, 1995). In contrast to this argument Mygind has found that current developments in the corporate social responsibility and ethics move the pendulum towards the border view of value creation which is beneficial for the stakeholders (2009 p.160). Moreover total shareholder maximization which is directly linked with the corporate social responsibility should be fulfilled under limited circumstances. At all outcome of this analysis of the literature it may be accepted that stakeholder theory has diversified over into many fields. According to Carrol (1994) the stake holder theory grasp the relevance to financial management, human resource management , strategic management, organization ethics, research and development, corporate governed and many more. Agency theory: Agency theory fundamentally involved with the relationship of managers and stockholders (Jenson and Meckling, 1976).   In addition to this managers should make decisions that are linked with the objective of maximizing shareholder wealth.   According to the Ross (1973) an agency is defined as on in which one or more persons (the principal (s) ) engages another person (the agent) to perform some service on their behalf which involve delegating some decision making authority to the agent. Moreover Eisenhardt (1985) and Kosnik (1987) linked the development of agency theory with organization behavior and strategic management. Managers as an agents are very interested in maximizing their efficiency of wealth and they acquire this end though their salaries and bounces etc.   When managers make decisions which is not consistent with the objective of shareholder wealth maximization then the agency problem occurs. Jensen (1998) explaining the problem of agency is that agents are not absolute. Their interests do not perfectly matches with the objectives of the principal and accordingly if authority is not sufficient then there will be divergence from the objectives of interest to the titleholder of the assets. The dormant agency problem between managers and its stakeholders is not only agency problem that exists. Jensen and Mecking (1976) argued that the company can face series of agency relationships between the different interests of groups. According to the agency theory, principles can establish appropriate incentives for the agents on the basis of his or her level of interest and this thing leads towards the agency cost. Moreover Jensen and Mecking (1976) suggested that there are two approaches about seeking to optimize the managerial behavior in order to stimulate goal congruence between shareholder and managers. The first way is for shareholder to monitor the action of managements. There are number of ways to check the performance of management for example use of independently auditors to audit the financial statements, additional reporting requirements and use of external analyst. The other way is to form the corporate managerial contract in which the goal congruence should be mentioned and it is linked with the incentives, constraints and punishments. All in all total shareholder maximization encloses advantages for all groups pure shareholder as well as stakeholders. This includes the maximization of the shareholder value, the value for the stakeholder and owner and the value for all stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility: Corporate social responsibility is concerned with the impact of their activities on society and on the environment. While there is no single commonly accepted definition of corporate social responsibility, it generally refers to business decision making linked to the ethical values, compliance with legal requirements, and respect for people, communities and the environment (Business for Social Responsibility, 2011). Organizations are involved in diverse economic, cultural and political system around the globe and these organizations have different operating and governance standards. Lantos (2001) argued that to gain the essence business organization’s social responsibility people must do hard work and be successful. To perform in a social responsible way Freeman (1984) stated that the organization need to act in accordance to moral, legal and social concerns which is represented by stakeholder. Stakeholder group consist of so many different units so it may cause difficulty to give the importance to each and every unit. Lippke (1966) argued that maximizing shareholder’s wealth should be the fundamental objective for managers. Maximizing profits is an elementary mission for business organizations to gain long-term benefits. Hui (2008) argued that through competitive advantage firms create and sustain above the average economic performance. Moreover Maddjono (2005) argue that corporation sustainability relay upon the implementation of good corporate governance principals. There principals concern with the accountability, efficiency and transparency. Furthermore building total corporate sustainability needs systematic corporate cultural conversion. Gao and Zhang (2006) stated that these changes require investment in related resources and engaging all stakeholders. However role of CSR is not only build social corporate sustainability it also help to prevent the organization from acting unethically and help the organization outlining its economic growth. Haberberg and Rieple (2001) argued that the organization is in constant discourse with the society in which it acts, its affect them and affected by them. Hence rather than trying to highlight the problem whether CSR is good or bad for business, the one question should ask under which conditions firm social activities could be beneficial for society. Financial director has only concern with the profit maximization but on the other hand researchers prove that the CSR also helps the organization to fulfill this objective.   CSR also helps to sustain the corporate culture in better way and maintain healthy relationship with social community. Ethics: The word ethics derived from the Greek word Ethicos meaning habit or custom relating to the society. Guttmann (2006) believed that ethics is created when people think positively about the world, about life and about the needs to fulfill the goals and objectives. Business ethics is that behavior which concerns with the daily dealings with the world. This thing not only applies how the business interact with the world it also focuses on everyday dealing with customers. Now days every business schools have business ethics courses and these modules mainly deal’s with new aspects of business ethics. However Swanson (2005) stated that business ethics in academic continue to face skepticism as to the legitimacy and practically of their newly emerged field. Many institutes around the globe associate this course with many other courses for example Management, Organization behavior etc. Business ethics: Ethics in business is very important in terms of reputation with their clients. Ethics provide important outline to the business to ensure that the fair practice and other business opportunities to the business. An organization ethical values and culture are important to its society. There are different ethical concerns across the organization and they are linked with every interested group in the organization. Robin and Reidenbach (1987) develop a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. More over business ethics has an external impact on the market place and the society. On the other hand corporate ethics has an internal emphasis on the performance of the organization. Ethical structure: The area of ethical structure determines to support organization and without them there is no support for organization to implement ethical processes and evaluate them. This area help’s organization to make strategy, tactical and operational level of business practices Svensson and Wood (2008). A sub area of ethical structure is a code of ethics. Code of ethics focuses on the social issues and it may arrange general principals about an organization beliefs, mission and quality of the environment. Code studies have also been executed on the largest multinational organization operating a wide range of jurisdictions around the globe Wood et al. (2004). Moreover studies have found that having an ethical code does have a positive impact on the ethical actions and behavior of the organization Adam et al. (2001). Stajkovic and Luthans (1987) see code of ethics as one of the important frame work that linked together to influence the ethical standards of the organization. Level of returns affected by CSR/Ethical Issues: Snow brand milk Co. known is the Japan’s premier dairy food company. Now days this company known as Meg Milk Snow Co. as they have changed their name after 2002. The year 2000 was catastrophic year for the Snow Brand Milk Co. As they were facing very severe CSR/Ethical issues of food poisoning in Japan. Around 15,000 people had been affected with food poisoning after using Snow Brand dairy products. After inspection the problem was traced, the bacteria Staphylococcus Aurous was found on the valve which proceeds low fat milk. Later on Japan Public Health Association issue the recall for the Snow Brand milk products. Moreover media reported the judiciary about all facts and figure and judiciary take action against the Snow Brand and banned all the dairy products of snow. In addition to that the president tries to win the support from society but he fails and admitted to hospital suffering from the stress of the incident. The end result was he and seven executives resigned from company. The outcomes of the actions for Snow Brand have been breathtaking and awful. Sales of the company have been collapsed and consumer confidence has eliminated. The company had ceases its five factories including the offending site from the poisoning. Later on this figure increased to eight. The company suffered with great loss and its financial position is badly affected. Snow Brand announced consolidated net loss was 52.9 billion yen (about 430 million US dollars) for the fiscal year ending in March 2000. Further more Snow Brand loses the 45% market share after these circumstances. After this incident company faces 40% decrease in the share price in Tokyo Stock exchange. Source: (Japan Times, 2002) Fight Back A key element for the company to come back in the market is to revamp its social responsibility. In the first, the new president made statement of regret and acknowledges the mistakes of the past and determines to move forward. In addition to restructuring plan following things also include: Improving quality assurance Reform of corporate culture Renew corporate social responsibility Enhance corporate governance Case study illustration of arguments: ITE plc one of the world foremost organizers of international trade exhibitions and conferences and develop oneself in organizing events in growing and developing market. ITE is a multinational firm and the board of the company is aware about the social benefits and risks which are linked with their various groups in social responsible manner. As an operator internationally oriented business in developing markets the company guarantee that they are culturally sensitive in dealing with the local community, development polices for employees and go for those projects which are supportive for the local community. In 2010, ITE plc faced problem with corporate social responsibility and some other ethical issues and economic down turn which leads towards the no increase in the share price and there is no significant increase in profits. Weber (2008) argued that they are numerous benefits of CSR and these include pure financial benefits which lead towards the risk reduction, efficiency gain and tax advantages. In addition to financial benefits Maignan et al. (1999) find that CSR is positively linked with employee’s commitment and customer loyalty. This show that how CSR improve overall health of the organization (ITE Website, 2011). Later on by the mid of 2010 the board of the company revamps their approach to corporate social responsibility in addition to that the board also reform their corporate culture and corporate governance. In figure 1 the first three months in graph shows level of share price of ITE which was approximately 143.5 and there is no increase in the share price. After implementing new reformed Corporate social responsibility company share price increase with full boost. In the figure form the August 2010 to March 2011 Company enjoys the significant positive change in the share price. Delevingne (2009) found this recession is wiping away a lot of things but so far CSR seems to be survivor. Figure 1: Increase in Share price (Source: ITE Website) In all corporate social responsibility has gain amazing recognition in the last recent times. However organization must consider the importance of CSR and give full concentration to it and maintain high standard of relationship with society. Conclusion: At the end this report shows that the stakeholder theory, agency theory, CSR and ethics are diversified over different fields. Further stakeholders have very specific resources and interest and it must be fulfilled by the agents of firms in order to satisfy them. Total shareholder or stakeholder maximization includes benefits for all groups; researchers prove that implementation of these theories helps the organization to perform in the favor of stakeholders, economy and society. Appendices Reflective journal: I initially faced lots of difficulties in the making of this assignment the reason is I am an international student and for me this is first time studying in the new environment and culture with so many international student. I have some knowledge of finance however it is not quite enough. After starting studying Financial Management I assumed that the knowledge which I have is not sufficient for me. Since the theories and practices uses by my tutor are very depth in the nature. This assignment is very helpful for me and increases my knowledge about the latest concepts of finance. I worked very hard for this assignment to fulfill the requirement of the assignment. 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