20 Book Activities to Try With Grades 3-5

20 Book Activities to Try With Grades 3-5 Book reports are a thing of the past, and its time to be innovative and try some book activities that your students will enjoy. The activities below will reinforce and enhance what your students are currently reading. Try a few, or try them all. They can also be repeated throughout the year. If youd like, you can print out a list of these activities  and hand them out to your students. 20 Book Activities for Your Classroom To be a little bit inclusive, you can ask your student to choose an activity from the list below that they think will go well with the book they are currently reading. Draw two or more characters from your story. Write a brief dialog exchange between the characters.Draw a picture of yourself on the television talking about the book you are currently reading. Under your illustration, write down three reasons someone should read your book.Pretend your story is a play. Draw two specific scenes from your story and underneath the illustrations, write a brief dialog exchange of what is happening in each scene.Make a timeline of the important events that are happening in your book. Include important dates and events that took place in the characters lives. Include a few sketches of the main events and dates.If you are reading a poetry book, copy your favorite poem and draw an illustration to accompany it.Write a letter to the author of your book. Make sure to include any questions you have about the story, and talk about what your favorite part was.Choose three sentences from your book and turn them into questions. First, copy the sentence, then beneath t hat, write down your questions. Example: The emerald was green as a blade of grass. Was the emerald as green as a blade of grass? Find 5 plural (more than one) nouns in your book. Write down the plural form, then write the singular (one) form of the noun.If you are reading a biography, create an illustration of what your famous person is known for doing. Example, Rosa Parks is known for not getting off the bus. So you would draw an illustration of Rosa Parks taking a stand on the bus. Then explain in two more sentences about the picture you drew.Draw a story map about the book you are reading. To do this draw, a circle in the middle of your paper, and in the circle write the name of your book. Then, around the title, draw several pictures with words underneath about the events that happened in the story.Create a comic strip of the main events that happened in your book. Be sure to draw balloons to accompany each picture with dialog from the characters.Choose three words from your book that you like the most. Write down the definition, and draw a picture of each word.Choose your favorite character and draw them n the middle of your paper. Then, draw lines coming out of the character, and list of the characters traits. Example: Old, nice, funny. Create a small most wanted poster of the meanest character in your book. Remember to include what he/she looks like and why they are wanted.If you are reading a biography, create a portrait of the famous person you are reading about. Under their picture include a brief description of that person and what they are most known for.Pretend you are the author of the book and make up an alternative ending to the story.If you are reading a biography, make a list of 5 things you learned that you did not know.Draw a Venn diagram. On the left side, write down the name of the character that was the hero of the story. On the right side write down the name of the character that was the Villain of the story. In the middle, write down a few things they had in common.Pretend you are the author of the book. In a brief paragraph,  explain what you would change in the book, and why.Divide your paper in half, on the left side write facts, and on the right side write fiction (remember fiction means it is not true). Then write down five facts from your book and five things that are fiction. Recommended Reading If you need some book ideas, here are a few books that students in grades 3-5 will enjoy reading: Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing by Judy BlumeCaddie Woodlawn by Carol Ryrie BrinkThe BFG by Roald DahlThe Courage of Sarah Noble by Alice DalglieshEverything on a Waffle by Polly HorvathIn the Year of the Boar and Jackie Robinson by Bette Bao LordThe Secret School by Avi

Make an Inference Practice Questions

Make an Inference Practice Questions Want to master your reading comprehension? Practicing your inference skills is a great place to start, but if you are unsure how to make an inference at all (or what one even is), you might want to start with the  basics of inference  which will give you all of the  details that you need. If you are ready to go, go ahead and get started with these easy inference practice questions to hone your reading skills. The following inference questions provide a basic assessment of your comprehension of the skill. Printable PDFs: Inference Practice Questions 1 | Answers to Inference Practice Questions 1 Inference Practice Questions 1 Using your best inference strategies, make an inference about the following statements. The first two are done for you. I wouldnt eat after that two-year-old if I were you.Inference: The two-year-old probably did something gross to the food you were about to eat or has a cold and you could catch it. Something bad will happen to you if you eat  the food.  For Valentine’s Day, my fantastic neighbor gave his wife a poem that took him about two seconds to write. Sheesh.Inference: My neighbor is not very considerate since he didnt take his time writing the poem.A man ran after a retreating bus, waving his briefcase frantically.Inference:If she died, I wouldn’t go to her funeral.Inference:Jake almost wished that he hadn’t listened to the radio. He went to the closet and grabbed his umbrella even though he would feel silly carrying it to the bus stop on such a sunny morning.Inference:Hey! What happened to all the school construction money taken from the taxpayers? It paid for this toilet the money was flushed down.Inference:As you give a speech in front of a large audience, you reali ze that people are laughing behind their hands and pointing to the region below your waist.Inference: No, Honey, I don’t want you to spend a lot of money on my birthday present. Just having you for a husband is the only gift I need. In fact, I’ll just drive my old rusty bucket of bolts down to the mall and buy myself a little present. And if the poor old car doesnt break down, I’ll be back soon.Inference:A woman walks into a hospital clutching her abdomen and yelling at  her husband, who trails behind her carrying a large bag.Inference:Youre driving on the highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over.Inference: Inference Practice 1 Suggested Answers 3. A man ran after a retreating bus, waving his briefcase frantically. Inference:  The man had to take that bus to work and he was running late. He wanted the bus driver to stop the bus so he could get on it. 4. If she died, I wouldn’t go to her funeral. Inference:  Im extremely angry with this woman for some major  reason,  because one of the worst things a person could do is to hate someone after they have passed away. 5. Jake almost wished that he hadn’t listened to the radio. He went to the closet and grabbed his umbrella even though he would feel silly carrying it to the bus stop on such a sunny morning. Inference:  Jake heard that it was going to rain later in the day. 6. Hey! What happened to all the school construction money taken from the taxpayers? It paid for this toilet the money was flushed down. Inference:  The school district is wasting tax payers money. 7. As you give a speech in front of a large audience, you realize that people are laughing behind their hands and pointing to the region below your waist. Inference:  You forgot to zip up your fly or you have something on your pants. 8. No, Honey, I don’t want you to spend a lot of money on my birthday present. Just having you for a husband is the only gift I need. In fact, I’ll just drive my old rusty bucket of bolts down to the mall and buy myself a little present. And if the poor old car doesnt break down, I’ll be back soon. Inference:  The wife wants the husband to buy her a new car for her birthday. 9. A woman walks into a hospital clutching her abdomen and cursing out her husband, who trails behind her carrying a large bag. Inference:  The woman is in labor. 10. Youre driving on the highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over. Inference:  Youve broken the law in some way while driving.

Factors Affecting the Rise of Military Rules in South-American Essay

Factors Affecting the Rise of Military Rules in South-American Countries in 20th Century - Essay Example This essay presents a thorough analysis of various preconditions for the rise of military rule in most of South-American countries in the 20th century. The rise of military governments of Chile, Brazil and Argentina can be attributed to a series of events in the local and international politics, starting from the times when Europeans left these states which ended on the emergence of Cold War and the Cuban missile crisis. During the 19th century, South America remained isolated from the rest of the world because of many reasons; however the 20th century observed a reversal of this trend and the governments and people of South America wanted to end this isolation and started looking out for means through which they could interact with the world for the collective benefit of all. The economic growth triggered in the northern part of the land mass encouraged the states in the south to follow the footsteps but their pursuit of economic stability was always hindered by political instability and social immobility . As a result civil wars, political assassinations, coups and military rules became the hallmark of the politics of this region during the middle of the 20th century. The power struggle in world politics after the Second World War also contributed to the instability of the region. The possession of lands in the hands of a very small minority of people was the reason behind the slow economic growth because the cheap labor never forced the landowners to look for modern methods of agriculture and increasing production.

Chi-square Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chi-square Distribution - Essay Example By applying the chi-square distribution and analysis to the information provided for WidgeCorp Company, we are able to find whether the data and the chi test are independent and thus be able to accept or reject the null hypothesis. We realize that the sales data and the use of the software will present with categorical data which ultimately allows us to use non-parametric analysis through a chi-squared test. The answers to possible questions from the variables could ‘yes, there is a relationship between sales and use of software’ or ‘no’.Considering the distribution of the sales force of WidgeCorp, it is convenient to assume that in each region, there are 500 sales persons which give the total of 500. Since we are told that only half of this number was given the software during the test period, we hypothesize that suppose this number is equally divided for the Southeast and the West region, then all of the agents in these two regions were given the software leading to the chi-square analysis below.Consequently, the data can be presented in a contingency table as indicated below to facilitate the computation of chi-squared for the stated hypothesis.From the calculations, we obtain a chi-square of 2.62 with a degree of freedom for the data set 1 (obtained from rows and columns). From the chi distribution table in appendix 1 with section provided below, we obtain a chi-square probability of 3.81 which is greater than the calculated x2 and we, therefore, reject the null hypothesis in this regard.

Is3440 Project Part 1 Essay Example for Free

Is3440 Project Part 1 Essay First World Savings and Loan is a financial institution that processes credit card transactions and loan applications online. We are currently considering implementing an open source infrastructure. This could potentially save us over $4,000,000 per year in licensing fees for the software we are currently using. However, due to our business needs; we must still comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS), and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA). We must comply with SOX, because we are a publicly-traded financial institution; PCI-DSS, because we process online credit card transactions; and GLBA, because we are a financial institution. All of the regulations of these three compliancy laws must be met, while still maintaining the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad. All security requirements for SOX, PCI-DSS, and GLBA can be achieved using Linux and open source infrastructure. Some examples of open source software that we might use are: Web Server Apache Web Filtering DansGuardian Network Firewall Turtle Firewall VPN Endian Firewall Community IDS/IPS Suricata Database MySQL File Server Samba SMTP Server hMailServer I would recommend that we use a Defense in Depth strategy, having multiple layers of access protection. We need to have an IDS/IPS on both sides of our edge firewall. The inside IDS/IPS will be used as additional protection for our network and the outside IDS/IPS will serve as an early warning system from attacks. We will also use the outside IDS/IPS for additional protection and to monitor what types of attacks are occurring. Our web server and mail server should be completely separated from the rest of our network in a de-militarized zone (DMZ). We need to have a network firewall between our DMZ and our internal network, bet ween the outside world and our internal network, and between our DMZ and the outside world. There should also be a local firewall enabled on each local machine. Also, since our physical servers will be hosted at a third party location, we must have VPN access to these servers to manage them. All private data will need to be encrypted, as well as all data transitions. To go along with the previously mentioned physical and software based security measures, we will also apply multiple policies to maintain this security. Acceptable Use  Policy This policy will describe how the companies IT assets should and can be used. As well as what is not acceptable to do on company assets. Password Policy This policy will explain what parameters a password must meet to be accepted. For example; a password must be at least 15 characters long have at least on capital letter, have at least one lower case letter, have at least one number, and have at least on symbol. Privacy Policy This policy describes what information must remain confidential. Training employees on the proper way to use (and how NOT to use) company assets is a major key to ensuring the CIA triad remains intact and our network secure. In this part of the executive summary, I am going to be explaining, and making recommendations on what the best options are for the open source software that is needed for the management of the First World Savings and Loan financial institutes various web and application servers. For each of the servers, I recomm end using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system for a number of reasons. The main ones being that it is one of the most secure, Its backed by years of technical support, Its supported by a vast number of different hardware, and It is one of the most, if not the most, popular and used server OSs that one can get today. I would rather go with software that has been vigorously tested to its breaking point and still remains at the top tier of server software options thats readily available today, than one that has just come out with all of the bells and whistles. So on that note, lets get started on what I recommend to be the best of the best in terms of specific software and service needs. There are numerous great open source software solutions for database servers, like, H2, HyperSQL, MySQL, mysql, Oracle, and PostgreSQL, just to name a few. They all offer topnotch functionality, performance, scalability, and security. As far as which one is the best, I recommend PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL is an object-relational Database software solution that offers some of t he most feature rich options as compared to the bigger commercial manufacturers like Oracle, IBM, Sybase and Informix, and the best part of it, its free. Its also one of the first database software that was released, and it has a proven track record with over 23 years of active development. It was created back in 1989. The only other DB software that came out before it is Oracle, which was created back in 1979. Now PostgreSQL might not be the fastest, but It more than makes up for it with its functionality. It allows the use of two  different types of interfaces, a GUI (for those who like the point-click style) and a SQL. It works on most OSs like windows, Linux, Mac, Unix, etc. It has a vast array of services and tools that is included to streamline the administration of the Database. Here are just some examples; Full ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliancy, commercial noncommercial support, triggers support, user defined data type support, stored procedure support, online backup, multiple index type input support, embedded access controls, encryption, etc. Here is a comparison of the top DB software available I got from the unbiased, data-driven comparison website; www.findthebest.com/database-management-sytems: - Specifications Product | MySQL | Oracle | PostgreSQL | Architecture | Relational Model | Relational Model | Object-relational Model | Software License | * GPL * PostgreSQL * Proprietary | * GPL * PostgreSQL * Proprietary | * GPL * PostgreSQL * Proprietary | Operating System | * Windows * Mac OS X * Linux * UNIX * z/OS * BSD * Symbian * AmigaOS | * Windows * Mac OS X * Linux * UNIX * z/OS * BSD * Symbian * AmigaOS | * Windows * Mac OS X * Linux * UNIX * z/OS * BSD * Symbian * AmigaOS | Demo? | | | | Interface | * GUI * SQL | * GUI * SQL | * GUI * SQL | Website | MySQL (mysql.com) | Oracle (oracle.com) | PostgreSQL (postgresql.org) | First Public Release Year | 1995 | 1979 | 1989 | Lastest Stable Version | 5.5.19 | 11g Release 2 | 9.1.3 | - -Price Price | $0 | $180 | $0 | Purchase Page | MySQL (https) | Oracle (https) | | - -General Features Features | * ACID * Backup * Custom Functions * Database Imports * Export Data * Extensibility * High Availability * Highly Scalable * Import Data * Java Support * Multi-Core Support * See more†º | * ACID * Backup * Custom Functions * Database Imports * Export Data * Extensibility * High Availability * Highly Scalable * Import Data * Java Support * Multi-Core Support * See more†º | * ACID * Backup * Custom Functions * Database Imports * Export Data * Extensibility * High Availability * Highly Scalable * Import Data * Java Support * Multi-Core Support * See more†º | Indexes | * Bitmap * Expression * Full-text * GIN * GiST * Hash * Partial * R-/R+ Tree * Reverse | * Bitmap * Expression * Full-text * GIN * GiST * Hash * Partial * R-/R+ Tree * Reverse | * Bitmap * Expression * Full-text * GIN * GiST * Hash * Partial * R-/R+ Tree * Reverse | Database Capabilities | * Blobs and Clobs * Common Table Expressions * Except * Inner Joins * Inner Selects * Intersect * Merge Joins * Outer Joins * Parallel Query * Union * Windowing Functions | * Blobs and Clobs * Common Table Expressions * Except * Inner Joins * Inner Selects * Intersect * Merge Joins * Outer Joins * Parallel Query * Union * Windowing Functions | * Blobs and Clobs * Common Table Expressions * Except * Inner Joins * Inner Selects * Intersect * Merge Joins * Outer Joins * Parallel Query * Union * Windowing Functions | Partitioning | * Composite (Range + Hash) * Hash * List * Native Replication API * Range * Shadow | * Composite (Range + Hash) * Hash * List * Native Replication API * Range * Shadow | * Composite (Range + Hash) * Hash * List * Native Replication API * Range * Shadow | Access Control | * Audit * Brute-force Protection * Enterprise Directory Compatibility * Native Network Encryption * Password Complexity Rules * Patch Access * Resource Limit * Run Unprivileged * Security Certification | * Audit * Brute-force Protection * Enterprise Directory Compatibility * Native Network Encryption * Password Complexity Rules * Patch Access * Resource Limit * Run Unprivileged * Security Certification | * Audit * Brute-force Protection * Enterpr ise Directory Compatibility * Native Network Encryption * Password Complexity Rules * Patch Access * Resource Limit * Run Unprivileged * Security Certification | Tables and Views | * Materialized Views * Temporary Table | * Materialized Views * Temporary Table | * Materialized Views * Temporary Table | Other Objects | * Cursor * Data Domain * External Routine * Function * Procedure * Trigger | * Cursor * Data Domain * External Routine * Function * Procedure * Trigger | * Cursor * Data Domain * External Routine * Function * Procedure * Trigger | Support Features | * Email * FAQ * Forums * Live chat * Mailing List * On-site * Phone * Tips and hints * White papers | * Email * FAQ * Forums * Live chat * Mailing List * On-site * Phone * Tips and hints * White papers | * Email * FAQ * Forums * Live chat * Mailing List * On-site * Phone * Tips and hints * White papers | - -Product Description Product Description | MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is officially pronounced /maÉ ªÃ‹Å'É›skjuË Ã‹Ë†Ã‰â€ºl/ (My S-Q-L), but is often also pronounced /maÉ ªÃ‹Ë†siË kwÉ™l/ (My Sequel). It is named for original developer Michael Wideniuss daughter My. | Oracle Database 11g Release 2 provides the foundation for IT to successfully deliver more information with higher quality of service, reduce the risk of change within IT, and make more efficient use of their IT budgets. By deploying Oracle Database 11g Release 2 as their data management foundation, organizations can utilize the full power of the worlds leading database to:ï‚ · Reduce server costs by a factor of 5ï‚ · Reduce storage requirements by a factor of 12ï‚ · Improve mission critical systems performance by a factor of 10ï‚ · Increase DBA productivity by a factor of 2ï‚ · Eliminate idle redundancy i n the data center, andï‚ · Simplify their overall IT software portfolio. | PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. It has more than 15 years of active development and a proven architecture that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data integrity, and correctness. It runs on all major operating systems, including Linux, UNIX (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, Mac OS X, Solaris, Tru64), and Windows. It is fully ACID compliant, has full support for foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and stored procedures (in multiple languages). It includes most SQL:2008 data types, including INTEGER, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, INTERVAL, and TIMESTAMP. It also supports storage of binary large objects, including pictures, sounds, or video. It has native programming interfaces for C/C++, Java, .Net, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, ODBC, among others, and exceptional documentation. | - -Contact Information Contact Link | MySQL (mysql.com) | Oracle (oracle.com) | PostgreSQL (postgresql.org) | Phone | 1 (866) 221-0634 | 1 (800) 392-2999 | | - -Limits Max Blob/Clob Size | 4 GB | Unlimited | 1 GB (text, bytea) stored inline or 2 GB (stored in pg_largeobject) | Max CHAR Size | 64 KB (text) | 4000 B | 1 GB | Max Column Name Size | 64 | 30 | 63 | Max Columns per Row | 4096 | 1000 | 250-1600 depending on type | Max DATE Value | 9999 | 9999 | 5874897 | Max DB Size | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Max NUMBER Size | 64 bits | 126 bits | Unlimited | Max Row Size | 64 KB | 8KB | 1.6 TB | Max Table Size | MyISAM storage limits: 256TB; Innodb storage limits: 64TB | 4 GB | 32 TB | Min DATE Value | 1000 | -4712 | -4713 | - -Data Types Type System | * Dynamic * Static | * Dynamic * Static | * Dynamic * Static | Integer | * BIGINT (64-bit) * INTEGER (32-bit) * MEDIUMINT (24-bit) * NUMBER * SMALLINT * SMALLINT (16-bit) * TINYINT (8-bit) | * BIGINT (64-bit) * INTEGER (32-bit) * MEDIUMINT (24-bit) * NUMBER * SMALLINT * SMALLINT (16-bit) * TINYINT (8-bit) | * BIGINT (64-bit) * INTEGER (32-bit) * MEDIUMINT (24-bit) * NUMBER * SMALLINT * SMALLINT (16-bit) * TINYINT (8-bit) | Floating Point | * BINARY_DOUBLE * BINARY_FLOAT * DOUBLE (64-bit) * DOUBLE PRECISION * FLOAT * REAL | * BINARY_DOUBLE * BINARY_FLOAT * DOUBLE (64-bit) * DOUBLE PRECISION * FLOAT * REAL | * BINARY_DOUBLE * BINARY_FLOAT * DOUBLE (64-bit) * DOUBLE PRECISION * FLOAT * REAL | Decimal | * DECIMAL * NUMERIC | * DECIMAL * NUMERIC | * DECIMAL * NUMERIC | String | * CHAR * NCHAR * NVARCHAR * TEXT * VARCHAR | * CHAR * NCHAR * NVARCHAR * TEXT * VARCHAR | * CHAR * NCHAR * NVARCHAR * TEXT * VARCHAR | Binary | * BFILE * BINARY * BINARY LARGE OBJECT * BYTEA * LONGBLO B * LONGRAW * MEDIUMBLOB * RAW * TINYBLOB * VARBINARY | * BFILE * BINARY * BINARY LARGE OBJECT * BYTEA * LONGBLOB * LONGRAW * MEDIUMBLOB * RAW * TINYBLOB * VARBINARY | * BFILE * BINARY * BINARY LARGE OBJECT * BYTEA * LONGBLOB * LONGRAW * MEDIUMBLOB * RAW * TINYBLOB * VARBINARY | Date/Time | * DATE * DATETIME * TIME * TIMESTAMP * YEAR | * DATE * DATETIME * TIME * TIMESTAMP * YEAR | * DATE * DATETIME * TIME * TIMESTAMP * YEAR | Boolean | * BOOLEAN * Unknown | * BOOLEAN * Unknown | * BOOLEAN * Unknown | Other | * ARRAYS * AUDIO * BIT * CIDR * CIRCLE * DICOM * ENUM * GIS data types * IMAGE * INET * MACCADDR * See more†º | * ARRAYS * AUDIO * BIT * CIDR * CIRCLE * DICOM * ENUM * GIS data types * IMAGE * INET * MACCADDR * See more†º | * ARRAYS * AUDIO * BIT * CIDR * CIRCLE * DICOM * ENUM * GIS data types * IMAGE * INET * MACCADDR * See more†º | I think its pretty obvious that the data speaks for itself. You cant get any better option unless you want to pay big money for these specific services. When it comes to deciding on which open source web server software to utilize, there are a lot of different options, such as, Apache, LightTPD, NGiNX, Boa, Cherokee, etc. The one that stands out the most is Apache. Apache is the most popular web server to date. It is the leading web server that is used most over all others including open source and non-open source options, such as, Microsofts IIS, Googles proprietary custom servers, NGiNX, AOL, IBM, etc. according to the website www.makeuseof.com. Here is a graph table I found (its a little dated) to give you an idea: Apache is the leader because of its functionality, performance, price (its free), stability, and security. It has top notch cross-plat forming capabilities so it can be used on numerous operating systems like, Microsofts Windows platform, Linux and UNIX based platforms, Macintosh platforms, BSD platforms, IBM platforms, HP platforms, etc. It can basically run on just about all OS platforms. This is ideal in todays ever evolving business needs and requirements. Some of the best features that an Apache web server offers are as follows: Basic access authentication digest access authentication, SSL/TLS HTTPS, virtual hosting, CGI, FCGI, SCGI, Java, SSI, ISAPI, runs in user space versus kernel space, Administration console, and IPv4 IPv6 addressing. Now these are just some of the feature sets that Apache uses. It helps that most, if not all, of these features are security based; which is most important when dealing with IT in any aspect of todays business world and society itself. There are a lot of different options when it comes to file servers. Some examples are, FileZilla, Samba,  HFS, TurnKey, Cerberus, VSFTPD, etc. As far as whats the best file server software options it boils down to the companys needs. I recommend using Samba or FileZilla for a number of reasons. Samba has over 20 years of development and FileZilla has over 10 years of development, They both offer amazing cross-plat forming capabilities on several different operating systems, They are both pretty easy to setup and administer, they both offer great security, and best of all they are free. This is extremely important for a modern business. Also the fact that they are free helps in cutting down company costs and drives up financial gains throughout the en tire company. Plus, Samba speaks natively with Microsoft Windows machines and these are typically what most end users use for their operating systems. Now for the open source SMTP server software I recommend using iRedMail. iRedMail offers two different options, iRedMail (which is free) iRedMailPro (which is a paid version for $299 per server per year) with amazing fully fledged features. The feature include: blazing fast deployment (less than 1 minute), easy to use, security and stability, mind-blowing productivity (uses a very little resources to run), top notch support, absolute control over data (all personal data is stored on companys hard disk versus some third party storage medium), supports virtualization and non-virtualization software (VMware, Xen, VirtualBox, KVM, OpenVZ, etc. with i386 and x86/x64/ amd64 compatibility), low maintenance, unlimited accounts, stores mail in openLDAP, MySQL, and PostgreSQL, Service and access restrictions, throttling, Anti-Spam Anti-Virus by default, Web mail, backup support, and security (forced password change policy for every 90 days, uses SSL/TLS connections for sending and receiving mail, etc.). The support offered for iRedMail is among the best and in the business world, this is a must. The LDAP server I recommend is Red Hat Directory Server because it offers some of the best features to date. Its also has some of the best support in the business. It has an amazing reputation as well. Here is a list of the features that it offers: cost-savings, tremendous scalability (Allows 4-way multimaster replication of data across the entire enterprise while providing centralized, consistent data, and allows extranet applications), enhanced security (provides centralized, fine-grained access controls, and utilizes strong certificate-based authentication encryption.), and amazing productivity (centralizes user identity and  applications for ease of access for administration), you can’t go wrong with using software from a national ly known and reputable company like Red Hat Linux. Each user will be put into groups; this will be done to control access to the file system. Each user on the network will have to meet the standards below. Having each user in groups will help manage them, and what they have access and are allowed to do on the server. Each user will have their own partitioned /home directory to reduce impact of the file system. No user should be without a group, any users without groups will only have access to only their home directory. The following is the password policy they will be using: User account Standard users: Restrict reuse of passwords to once per 18 months Set min day for password expire Set max day for password expire every 30 days Set password complexity to require 1 capital letter, 1 lower case letter, 1 number, 1 symbol and must be at least 15 characters long Enforce password policies Ensure all users do not have access to sudo, or su rights  Create groups for all users, and give them allow sups or admins to maintain rights to those groups, and allow them specific path use on sudo (only if needed). This will allow users to access the data they need to complete their jobs. Also with this password system in place, it will ensure they do not use simple passwords or recycle passwords too often. Super users: Rights to manage groups Specific path use of sudo Restrict reuse of passwords Set min day for password expire Set max day for password expire Set password complexity Enforce password policies These will help super users to manage groups and have access to the tools that they need. This also prevents the users from having too much access to the systems. This helps the admin manage groups by allowing them to move users into the correct group or give them access to specific files that they may need access to. Su will only be used by top level admins, and only if something is truly not working. Lower level admins will have sudo access to files they need to have access to. Users will only have read/write access to the files they need access to; the rest will be read only access. Kernel will be locked down and will need admin permission to access. Passwd file will not be accessible by anyone other than top level admins Firewall and iptables will only be accessible by top level admins and super users. Configuring our network in this manner and applying these user access control permissions will cost less money and add a greater level of security. Using this Defense in Depth strategy, we will have multiple layers of security that an attacker will have to penetrate to break the CIA triad.

Essay --

Lower leg pain has been a mystery, with it being named by several different terms. Shin pain that most athletes refer to as shin splints is now being termed Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome or MTSS. Some atheltes under estimate the severity of shin splints by simply having a lack of knowledge. â€Å"In 1974, Clement was among the fist to postulate that â€Å"tibial stress syndrome† was caused by a periostitis that could progress to tibial stress fracture† (Craig, 17). Inflammation of the periosteum and also the tibialis posterior lead to MTSS and ultimately a stress fracture. In order to further research about the cause of MTSS, tissue biopsy was performed on 62 patients in a study by Johnell. According to Craig, 2008, Johnell found that there was an increased tissue metabolic activity, like osteoblast proliferation. Osteoblasts are bone cells that attempt to grow new and repair damaged bone. Osteoblast are present often with inflammation, which is a bodies response to in jury. Through this study, Johnell found that 2/3 of his patients had bone damage, which explains why osteoblasts were proliferating. In a later study by Michael and Holdner they suggested that instead of the tibialis posterior, the soleus was a major cause of MTSS. â€Å"They found that 1/3 of the MTSS patients had soleus fascia inflammation and 1/3 had bony inflammation just underneath the fascial attachment into the bone† (Craig, 17). Inflammation ultimately causes pain. This explains why the soleus is a contributor to MTSS. Athletes who participate in sports like Track and Field where they are in repeated plantar flexion put a lot of pressure on the gastrocnemius and soleus. The gastrocnemius and soleus are consistantly being contracted with every stride and take off for a ... ...8). With out an arch, the soleus is being stretched for long periods of time that causes it to become fatigued and strained which can put pressure on the tibia. It can not be concluded that excessive pronation causes MTSS, but is rather a risk factor. By taping an individuals arch, the amount of pronation can be decreased as well as the amount of pain experienced. Craig also suggests pool work outs once a week to allow for bone healing. I think this is a great idea, and more coaches should implement a pool work out into their weekly routine. Swimming still allows atheltes to have a cardiovascualr work out while giving their tibia's a break. Some atheltes have an extremely high pain tolerance and will continue to practice and perform, with or without treatment. Though with preventative measures like taping and rehab, the treatment of MTSS can hopefully be achieved.

Information Lifecycle Management Essay

Industries and organizations thrive on â€Å"Information†. The effective use of information so that it is aligned to meet the business demands is therefore a very crucial essential. The millions of bytes of data, requires not only effective storage but processes which handle the data right from creation and disposal after it is no longer needed. Maintenance of data in a cost effective manner is therefore a very significant activity in any organization. The answer to all the above is Information Lifecycle Management (ILM). What is ILM? Technology in combination with processes and policies to effectively manage data to suit the requirements of the organization is what is the basis of Information Lifecycle Management. ILM manages the lifespan of data required by organizations. Storage medium, security, access rights and the way data will be accessed are all part of ILM activities. ILM through its dynamic process of reassessment of data, discards data which is no longer used. A tiered architecture is often used for ILM where in data which is redundant is often moved to storage media which is more cost effective. ILM is involved in the evolution of data, changes in the data over a period of time, its importance and finally disposal of obsolete data. Most organization use business applications which are data centric. Since voluminous amount data is involved many times it so happens there is not track of the amount if information available and the way it is stored. Often time is wasted in gathering the information as it is not stored in a structured manner. It ensures that data is stored in a way that is compliant with the organization policies and can be retrieved with ease. ILM also facilitates classification of data depending upon its sensitiveness and requirements by the business users. This can be done in two ways. The first is to segregate the data depending on its business use and relevance. The second is to prevent security breaches, access rights are decided keeping in mind the policies of organizations. Archiving of data is done depending on certain criteria so that it is much easier to access the next time a requirement comes up. Value of data determines the type of storage media to be used. If the data requires regular access and is the focal point of applications then such data is better stored on media which provides faster access and has effective backup and recovery mechanism. Data which is not accessed on a regular basis can be stored in less expensive storage medium. ILM alleviates the use of tools to automate routine tasks thereby reducing time and errors. ILM also focuses on reliability and relevance of data. A good example for the need of ILM would be email archiving. Communication heavily depends on email some of which are extremely important from business point of view. Old emails are stored in individual machines or network servers. A need may arise to access information from the previous email which may not be found or be available at the time it is required. Apart from this email needs to be organized in terms of its date of creation and importance of data. IT Managers in organizations are primarily concerned about cost effectiveness of the voluminous data and also security issues. Apart from this IT managers need to classify data according to organization policies and also optimize disk storage. Massive budget is allocated by organization for purchase of storage media unaware of the fact that nearly half of the existing remains un-utilized. Operation managers are always seeking high end results and want faster , reliable data access at the right time. ILM incorporates most of the features wanted by them and makes it easier to achieve an effective data storage management. It not only stresses on effective storage of information but also ensures that it is reliable and retrieval time is minimized for data that is critical and used frequently. ILM provided by Oracle is a good example of data management tool. The Oracle 11g is compatible with ILM. It uses basic steps such as definition of the data classes, tiered storage architecture, migrating policies along with compliance details. It has interactive GUI tool known as the ILM assistant. The ILM assistant informs the user when the data has become obsolete and whether the data needs to be archived or deleted. IT also provides a preview about the cost involved in executing the above said activities along with storage requirement specifications. The security measures in the ILM assistant ensure that only authenticated users are given access to the data stores. It is a definitely a cost effective tool that can be sued to manage the lifecycle of data. ILM assistant is short allows huge amount of data to be stored and available easily while keeping the cost of storage low. Conclusion Information Lifecycle management is an important aspect of data-centric organization. Depending on the requirement of the business should appropriately select the various solutions available. Large companies such as Oracle and IBM have come with ILM tools that provide them with effective data management and risk management. ILM prevents underutilization of disk space . Disorganized data can lead to huge losses and there an effective strategic approach is required.

The Need for Computer Education and Access

The need for computer education and access is not a luxury anymore: it†s a necessity. People from all lifestyles can benefit from the Internet. Recently a local agency was giving a grant expand public access to computer networking. The next question would be is where to place the computers outside of school. Any lifestyle still allows people to have access to the internet. For example mentioned in the articles. A homeless person was able to make her own web page. Which resulted in a job with a good company therefore she was able to get her life back on track. The internet is now considered a necessity because present job skills require familiarity with the internet. According to the article † access to the internet is an important part of civic life as parks, public transit, libraries, and cultural centers†. Another reason the internet is a necessity is community assets. Some examples are crime-fighting efforts within the community, accessibility to investigate crimnial active when buying real estate. According to the chart 10 Community Networks, some networks have been place throughout the Eastern part of the U.S. Accessibility has been made possible for recycling programs for the disabled, low-income neighborhoods, and participates in public web markets. Having public access to the people has had many positive impacts on the society as a whole. It†s helped lifestyles, it†s become a necessity and accessibility had been made possible. The Internet provides information to everyone.

Cognitive Treatment of Depression

Cognitive Treatment of Depression The hassles and hurdles of life are usually characterised by mood variation which may take toll on an individual and affect the normal functioning of the body. Depression has for a long time been associated with the difficulty to deal with challenges experienced in the day to day life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Treatment of Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a condition that makes a person excessively moody; always sad, discouraged, hopeless, anxious, irritable and a general feeling of despair and emptiness in life (Dobson, 2011). This state usually lasts longer than is normally expected. A depressed person may loose enthusiasm in activities that were initially of great interest. Research has shown that this condition is one of the leading risk factor for suicidal tendencies due to the strong emotions associated with it (Butler Beck, 2005). There are several sub-types of depression dep ending on their signs and symptoms, and the effects they have on a person. Effective treatment of depression relies on proper identification of the type. Several options for treating this condition have been developed. The essay discusses the cognitive treatment of depression disorder. It describes the rationale for the therapy, some of the therapeutic techniques used to treat this disorder, and provide a brief overview of the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this treatment method. The rationale for cognitive therapy Treatment of any disease or disorder depends on the accurate understanding of the signs and symptoms, the possible causes as well as the effects it has on an individual. Some of the treatment options include music therapy, group therapy, pet therapy, psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, physical exercise, and use of medicinal drugs. Cognitive therapy is one of the most effective and efficient method for treating depression (Rupke, Blecke Renfrow, 200 6). As already mentioned, depression interferes with the normal functioning of the body including the thought process.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A depressed person develops extremely negative thoughts and attitudes towards life in general resulting in a distorted perception of reality. The negative thoughts have to be defused by the use of appropriate techniques in order to restore normalcy in the person’s thought process (Beck, 2006). This has emerged as one of the major reason justifying the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of depression disorder. While antidepressant medicines have been found to work effectively in dealing with moderate depression, research findings reveal that cognitive therapy is effective as well (Butler Beck, 2005). Symptoms such as fatigue, low self-esteem and manifestations of suicidal tendencies are closely associated with t hought problems (Beck, 2006). It would therefore be appropriate to use cognitive therapy to reduce these symptoms and reinstate proper thinking and better feeling. For a long period, depression had been treated using medicinal drugs and had been found not to work effectively in treating all cases of depression (Butler Beck, 2005). This was mainly due to the multifaceted nature of the condition. Among those cases that could not be treated include the ones involving negative thoughts and attitudes. In the 1960s, cognitive therapy was introduced as an alternative method for dealing with the disorder. The other rationale for using cognitive therapy in treating depression disorder is the fact that thoughts can significantly influence the moods of an individual (Dobson, 2011). A depressed person may have negative thoughts without being aware of them. Conscious effort should be made to identify the existence of such automatic thoughts which are known to be recipe for distorted perception of reality. Cognitive therapy plays a significant role in facilitating this effort. The depressed person will be able not only to think positively but to have a realistic view of life and its challenges. How cognitive therapy works Cognitive therapists employ several strategies while treating people with depression. These therapeutic techniques are used to help individuals re-order their thinking patterns especially when confronted with problems in life. It is the ups and downs of life that contribute to depression in many people, young and old alike (Persons, Davidson Tompkins, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Treatment of Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This treatment approach is very active and structured in nature with focus on the problem at hand. The first strategy is to understand the fact that problems in life are multifaceted: different individuals view the same problem from dif ferent perspectives; thoughts about the same problem vary; the emotions of a person concerning the problem are also unique; the view of the problem depends on the physical feelings of an individual when dealing with a problem; and most significantly, the actions of an individual prior, during, and the period after the occurrence of the problem (Segal, 2004). These are the most important angles from which any problem may be viewed. Cognitive therapy helps an individual to learn how to breakdown the problems into its constituent facets and categorise them into critical and minor problems. This will go a long way in ensuring that each problem is dealt with, one part at a time. The patient is usually taught the various tools of cognitive therapy. The treatment process is organised into clear therapy sessions by a qualified cognitive therapist (Rupke et al., 2006). At the end of specific sessions, the depressed person is expected to complete some take-home assignments which will enable h im or her to apply what has been learnt in selected real life challenging situations. All sessions are linked by continued review of the progress made from one lesson to the next. Under normal circumstances, a complete cognitive therapeutic course consists of about 14 to 16 sessions. Serious cases, however, may take longer than usual. These opportunities are designed to help the patient improve on his or her thinking and behavioural patterns in a progressive manner culminating in the reduction of depression (Persons et al., 2000). Apart from the sessions, there is the formulation of individualised cases, scheduling of various relevant activities as well as the schema change method. In order to understand the relationships between the type of thoughts, emotions, physiology and overt behaviour, the patient is requested to keep a record of all the undesirable thoughts as well as mental impressions or images about reality. Once these cognitions have been identified, the depressed person is taught how to evaluate them and adapt a realistic viewpoint and eliminate negative thoughts and distorted mental images (Dobson, 2011). In general, this approach employs both cognitive and behavioural techniques during treatment hence the alternative name, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy The effectiveness of cognitive therapy relative to other treatment options has been proved to be superior over time in various depression treatment centers. A number of studies have indicated that cognitive therapies have good results just like in the case of pharmacotherapy in all cases of depression (Dobson, 2011). Cognitive therapy has also been found to be effective in the prevention of relapse which is quite common when alternative treatment interventions are exclusively used (Segal, 2004). The therapy has been found to be a reliable and effective alternative treatment option for physical and mental symptoms associated with depression. Conclusion Depression is definitely a serious state that has significant impacts on an individual both physically and mentally. The essay has discussed the cognitive treatment of depression disorder. It has given the rationale for the therapy and some of the therapeutic techniques used to treat this disorder. The paper has also provided a brief overview of the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this treatment method. Cognitive therapy remains one of the most effective treatment alternatives for depression and should be embraced. References Beck, J. (October 2006). Cognitive therapy shows promise for suicide prevention. American Psychological Association, 37(9): 17 Butler, A. C. Beck, A. T. (2005). Cognitive therapy for depression. The Clinical  Psychologist, 48(3): 3-5 Dobson, K. S. (November 2011). Cognitive therapy. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Persons, J. B., Davidson, J. Tompkins, M. A. (October 2000). Essential  components of cognitive-behavior therapy for depression. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Rupke, S. J., Blecke, D. Renfrow, M. (January 2006). Cognitive Therapy for Depression. American Family Physician, 73(1): 83-86 Segal, Z. V. (November 2004). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for  Depr ession. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association

The Principles of Possessives

The Principles of Possessives The Principles of Possessives The Principles of Possessives By Mark Nichol The rules about forming possessives can seem confusing, especially because forms differs according to which style manual a publication is following. But the primary styles are relatively simple. In this post, I will refer only to the two prevalent styles in mainstream publishing: that of the Associated Press Stylebook, the resource of record for American newspaper publishing, as well as some magazines, many websites, and various other forms of written communication, and The Chicago Manual of Style, the bible of American book publishing, as well as many general-circulation periodicals. Guides for certain academic and scholarly subjects may differ. AP Style Newspaper style is simple and minimalist: To form a possessive construction from a singular common noun, add an apostrophe and the letter s: â€Å"The girl’s hair is red.† However, if the noun ends in the letter s and the following noun begins with an s, add an apostrophe only: â€Å"The waitress’ smile was infectious.† Treat a proper noun the same as a singular common noun: â€Å"Jim’s car ran out of gas.† But if a proper noun ends in s, add an apostrophe only: â€Å"Lewis’ training regimen is impressive.† If a plural noun ends in s, use an apostrophe only: â€Å"Cats’ claws are retractable.† If the plural does not end in s, use an apostrophe and an s: â€Å"The men’s room is to the right.† If the possession applies jointly to two singular nouns, apply the apostrophe and s only to the latter noun: â€Å"Green eggs and ham’s popularity has declined.† (In this sense, â€Å"green eggs† is plural in construction but singular in meaning; it’s a menu item, not a grouping of eggs.) But if the two nouns are distinct, apply the appropriate possessive form for each noun to that noun: â€Å"My hat’s color and my shoes’ color match.† Chicago Style Book style is simultaneously more complex and more consistent: No exception is made depending on whether singular nouns preceding and following the apostrophe end and start with s, respectively: â€Å"The waitress’s smile was infectious.† (However, all plural nouns are treated the same as in AP style.) Some ambiguity occurs, though, with traditional expressions following the â€Å"for (blank) sake† form: When the noun ends in an s, an apostrophe alone is employed (â€Å"For goodness’ sake, put on some clothes!†), while expressions with singular nouns follow the normal style: â€Å"For expedience’s sake, I faxed the form.† Better yet, in this case, relax the expression: â€Å"For the sake of expedience, I faxed the form.† The primary difference in style between the two resources is that singular proper nouns are always followed by an apostrophe and an s, even if they end in s (or x or z). For plural forms of proper names, however, if the name ends in one of these letters, add an es and an apostrophe: â€Å"We saw the Thomases’ house.† Otherwise, add an s and an apostrophe only: â€Å"We found the Smiths’ cat.† In the most recent edition of the manual, the style for two special cases has changed: Words ending in an unpronounced s are treated the same as words with a normal s sound (â€Å"Dubois’s translation is better†), as are words ending in an -eez sound (â€Å"Xerxes’s defeat was definitive†). However, common nouns plural in form but singular in meaning take an apostrophe only: â€Å"Economics’ complexities are daunting.† The same is true of proper names: â€Å"The Rocky Mountains’ discovery by European explorers prompted exploitation of mineral and other natural resources.† However, many writers find these constructions awkward, and prefer to relax the constructions: â€Å"The complexities of economics complexities are daunting†; â€Å"The discovery of the Rocky Mountains by European explorers prompted exploitation of mineral and other natural resources.† The distinction in AP style between joint possession and separate possession (see the last paragraph in the previous section) also applies to Chicago style. Some other special cases include possessives with the genitive form (â€Å"Three hours’ delay made all the difference†); a possessive form of a phrase that appears attributive (â€Å"The farmers’ market has a wide selection of tomatoes,† but â€Å"I have a Diners Club card†); and plurals of publication and composition titles. In the case of such titles, if it is italicized, add an apostrophe and an s (â€Å"I read the New Yorker’s article about it,† but, because the following title ends in an s, â€Å"The New York Times’ editorial supports the bill.†) If quotation marks are called for, relax the construction: â€Å"The first line of ‘My Life in Verse’ appropriately describes her birth,† rather than â€Å"‘My Life in Verse’’s first line appropriately describes her birth.†) Possessives followed by a gerund a present participle (a type of verb ending in -ing) acting as a noun should use an apostrophe and an s if singular (â€Å"The doctor’s telling of the story was interrupted†) and an apostrophe alone if plural (â€Å"Doctors’ taking on of more responsibility are a factor†). It might be better, however, to revise the sentence in such cases: â€Å"The doctor’s account of the story was interrupted†; â€Å"Quality of care is affected when doctors take on more responsibility.† Also, this grammatical structure should not be confused with the similar participle form, which is not possessive: â€Å"Doctors taking on more responsibility are likely to offer a lower quality of care.† The apostrophe is optional when a noun (or a pronoun) follows a preposition: â€Å"They thought of their friends moving away as a personal affront† could also be rendered â€Å"They thought of their friends’ moving away as a personal affront,† where moving refers to an act of moving that â€Å"belongs† to their friends. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases15 Types of DocumentsPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

John Wycliffe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Wycliffe - Essay Example Until recently the importance of Wycliffe's teachings and ideas for England that was experiencing critical times at his day has been widely neglected. The common view is that Wycliffe's legacy exerted certain influence on the Reformist movement only a century after his death, while his impact on theology, social life, philosophy and politics of the 14th century England does not receive appropriate attention. The fact is that Wycliffe was involved in a number of happenings in philosophy, science and theology that occurred in his day. These happenings laid foundation to the subsequent flowering of science, art, and literature known as the Renaissance, and Wycliffe's contribution to these developments deserves to be studied more deeply and systematically. Although Wycliffe as a priest supported the idea of a papacy for most of his life, his late views of the church were rather close to the doctrines of contemporary religious institutions. Thus, he considered the church to be the congregation of the predestined, believed in the priesthood of all believers and rejected the traditional doctrine that the clergy were synonymous to the church claiming they were also laymen as any other believer (Parker, 1965: 36). Moreover, Wycliffe also argued that popes can make mistakes and take wrong decisions because only God is flawless, while even the most righteous pope is also a layman (McLaughlin, 2000: 4). These challenging views found their reflections in the doctrines of lordship, dominium and the state of grace formulated by Wycliffe during the political phase of his career. The doctrine of Dominium postulates that man had had full lordship over the world before the Fall, and Christ restored it through his death on the cross. However, he restored the lordship not to the clergy alone: the lordship is restored to all the believers whom truly shared the passion of Christ. The entailing conclusion that those who share are in a state of grace and thus have lordship over the world undermined the lordship of clergy and church greatly. The assumption that the origin of lordship and authority was truth coupled with the supposition that even popes make mistakes led Wycliffe to conclude that if the church takes bad wrong decisions, its authority vanishes. The real danger of such views for the church became apparent when John of Gaunt, a civil leader, seized the temporalities based upon Wycliffe's doctrine that "If the church fail in its duty, the temporal lords may rightly and lawfully deprive it of its temporal possessions; the judgment of such failure lying not with the theologian but with the civil politician" (Poole cited in McLaughlin, 2000: 5). Wycliffe's attitude to the concepts of forgiveness and salvation also contradicted the established doctrine of the church. He claimed that salvation could be achieved only by sincere faith: "Trust wholly in Christ; rely altogether on his sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness. Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ is sufficient for salvation (McLaughlin, 2000: 5). Wycliffe questioned the concepts of confession and disapproved of the practice of selling indulgences and other