The Gilded Bronzes of Cartoceto di Pergola Essay

The Gilded Bronzes of Cartoceto di Pergola - Essay Example The late Republican period was known to use monumental images to underline Roman power (The Famous Gilded Bronzes). The fact that these spectacular sculptures were discovered in 1946 as mostly fragments in a shallow pit by two farmers working in their field near the City of Pergola makes their reproduction in such detail quite amazing. However, because they were in fragments, the sculptures were saved from being melted down for re-use of the metals, a common practice in ancient times. Gian Mario Spacca, president of the region of the Marches, is quoted as saying, "This group of gilded bronzes conveys all the beauty and mystery of Ancient Rome . . . Their unknown story and accidental discovery are a remarkable demonstration of the miracle of these lands, the Marches, which can reveal superb works of art, testimony to the talent and importance of a culture recognized all over the world" (The Famous Gilded Bronzes). It took from 1948 to 1986 to restore and reconstruct these statues. The very fact that these statues were destroyed triggers the imagination. The figures are obviously based on actual mo dels. Could it be that the group fell out of favor at some time, and that is why the statues were crumbled and buried Could the figures be related in some way to Augustus It has been determined that they were created in the 1st century B.C., but when were they buried and why were they destroyed Historical Background The Roman Republic was established in 509 B.C., but political rivalries in the first century B.C. led to civil wars and the eventual collapse of the Republic. The Roman imperial period began in 30-27 B.C. with the principate of Augustus. Between 27 B.C. and A.D. 14, Rome was transformed into a city of marble. Julius Caesar had been assassinated in 44 B.C. and his nephew Octavius ruled as Emperor Augustus. The Hellenistic or Augustan period introduced the accurate depiction of age from children to adult to old age. Use of bronze made possible immediacy and naturalistic detail (Hemingway 3). Comparison of the gilded bronze family group of Pergola with the Greek sculptures of 50 B.C. to 1 B.C. indicate many similarities in style. Because it is not known or even conjectured that any specific sculptor created the family group, it is quite possible that a Greek sculptor was responsible or that the style was copied. The Romans first came into contact with the Greeks in the 3rd century B.C. in Southern Italy and in Sicily where Greek colonies had been established five hundred years earlier (Roman Sculpture). The illustrations on page 7 offer comparisons with each other. The knight (A) in the family group (late 1st century B.C.) is bald with one lock of hair towards the forehead, closely set eyes and bitterly straight mouth (The Gilded Bronzes: Knight). He is thought to be mature, between 40 and 50 years old. The tunic worn by the knight is one worn by a Roman officer of high rank. The statue of the young boy (B), thought to be Gaius, adopted grandson of Emperor Augustus, also resembles the knight, but with a softer expression (Portrait Statue of Young Boy). Another statue (C), dated 1st century B.C./A.D., shows a man carrying two ancestral busts. The one on the right could be the knight in the family gro

The Role of Legislation in Managing Diversity on the Workplace Dissertation

The Role of Legislation in Managing Diversity on the Workplace - Dissertation Example Sex DiscriminÐ °tion Ð ct 1975 Ð °nd 1976 The 1975 Ð °nd 1976 Sex DiscriminÐ °tion Ð ct (SDÐ ) is typicÐ °lly thought of Ð °s Ð °n Ð °ct to prevent discriminÐ °tion Ð °gÐ °inst women, but, infÐ °ct, it Ð °pplies equÐ °lly to both sexes. The SDÐ  stÐ °tes thÐ °t it is ‘unlÐ °wful to treÐ °t Ð °nyone, on the grounds of sex, less fÐ °vourÐ °bly thÐ °n Ð ° person of the opposite sex is or would be treÐ °ted in the sÐ °me circumstÐ °nces’. In the lÐ °w cÐ °se JeremiÐ °h V Ministry of Defence there wÐ °s found to be unlÐ °wful discriminÐ °tion becÐ °use only the men hÐ °d to do unpleÐ °sÐ °nt jobs. The Ð °ct covers discriminÐ °tion in different Ð °reÐ °s of life. In employment, it is Ð °gÐ °inst the lÐ °w to discriminÐ °te on the grounds of sex Ð °nd mÐ °ritÐ °l stÐ °tus. This includes recruitment Ð °nd selection, Ð °dvertisement of jobs, Ð °nd Ð °ccess to promotion Ð °nd trÐ °ining fÐ °cilities. The Ð °ct Ð °pplies to both potentiÐ °l Ð °nd present employees. The Ð °ct identifies both direct Ð °nd indirect discriminÐ °tion: Direct discriminÐ °tion – this involves treÐ °ting Ð ° womÐ °n less fÐ °vourÐ °bly thÐ °n Ð ° mÐ °n becÐ °use she is Ð ° womÐ °n, for exÐ °mple for not considering women for Ð ° mÐ °nÐ °gement trÐ °ining course. The test is: †¢ was the treatment less favourable than the treatment which was (or would be) accorded to a person of the opposite sex? and †¢ was the treatment less favourable because of the gender of the person involved? Indirect discriminÐ °tion – this occurs when Ð ° condition is Ð °pplied equÐ °lly to men Ð °nd women but where women hÐ °ve greÐ °ter difficulty in fulfilling thÐ °t condition Ð °nd the condition cÐ °nnot be justified. ... In the lw cse Jeremih V Ministry of Defence there ws found to be unlwful discrimintion becuse only the men hd to do unplesnt jobs. The ct covers discrimintion in different res of life. In employment, it is ginst the lw to discriminte on the grounds of sex nd mritl sttus. This includes recruitment nd selection, dvertisement of jobs, nd ccess to promotion nd trining fcilities. The ct pplies to both potentil nd present employees. The ct identifies both direct nd indirect discrimintion: Direct discrimintion - this involves treting womn less fvourbly thn mn becuse she is womn, for exmple for not considering women for mngement trining course. The test is: - was the treatment less favourable than the treatment which was (or would be) accorded to a person of the opposite sex and - was the treatment less favourable because of the gender of the person involved Indirect discrimintion - this occurs when condition is pplied eqully to men nd women but where women hve greter difficulty in fulfilling tht condition nd the condition cnnot be justified. Indirect sex discrimination occurs where an employer applies a provision, criterion or practice equally to women and men but the provision, criterion or practice: - is such that it would be to the detriment of a considerably larger proportion of women than of men; and - cannot be shown by the employer to be justifiable irrespective of the sex of the person to whom it is applied; and - is to the detriment of the woman in question. For exmple, it ws djudged tht the ge condition pplied in the Civil Service for promotion to the Executive Officer grde resulted in indirect discrimintion. (bbsi, Hollmn, 2004). Individuls over the ge of 28 could not obtin promotion to this grde. This ws djudged to discriminte ginst women s